Preventing Sunburns

The first line of defense against the sun is covering up or avoidance. Stay in the shade as much as possible, and avoid sun exposure during the peak intensity hours – from 10 am to 4 pm. Use a hat or visor and be aware of sun reflection off sand, water, or cement.

Apply sunscreen, with an SPF of at least 15, at least 30 minutes prior to going outside, as it is most effective if completely absorbed into the skin. It will not work as well, if you wait to apply it just before your child gets into the pool or once you get to the beach. Applying sunscreen to a naked child helps prevent missing spots. Buy a sunscreen that protects against UVA and UVB rays, often labeled as “broad spectrum”. Look for the new UVA star rating – a 4 star rating provides the highest protection. Sunscreen (even waterproof or sweat proof) needs to be reapplied a minimum of every 2 hours or after swimming or sweating.

Whenever possible, keep babies under 6 months of age out of direct sunlight. Sunscreen is OK to use in children under 6 months of age if sun avoidance is impossible or there is a likelihood of sun exposure from reflection. I recommend trying sunscreen on one part of the body for a few days prior to more extensive usage to ensure there is no reaction.

Eye protection is also important. Be sure to buy sunglasses with at least 99% UV protection for your child.

Be a good example by practicing sun protection yourself.

Treating Sunburns

After a sunburn, the sensation of pain and heat usually last 48 hours. Treat the pain early with acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and repeat an necessary for the first two days. An over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream (1%) may decrease swelling and pain and can be used 2-3x/day. Cool baths or compresses can provide relief, as can adding baking soda to the bath water. Showers may be painful secondary to the force of the spray.

Drink extra fluids to avoid dehydration, as burns can lead to fluid loss.

Peeling occurs on the 5^th to 7^th day. Itching can be alleviated with an anti-histamine, like Benadryl or Zyrtec, Aloe vera, and/or 1% hydrocortisone cream. Avoid ointments (like Vaseline), because they keep heat and sweat from escaping.